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New reference genome sequences of hot pepper reveal the massive evolution of plant disease-resistance genes by retroduplication
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 Authours
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Seungill Kim, Jieun Park, Seon-In Yeom, Yong-Min Kim, Eunyoung Seo, Ki-Tae Kim, Myung-Shin Kim, Je Min Lee, Kyeongchae Cheong, Ho-Sub Shin, Saet-Byul Kim, Koeun Han, Jundae Lee, Minkyu Park, Hyun-Ah Lee, Hye-Young Lee, Youngsill Lee, Soohyun Oh, Joo Hyun Lee, Eunhye Choi, Eunbi Choi, So Eui Lee, Jongbum Jeon, Hyunbin Kim, Gobong Choi, Hyeunjeong Song, JunKi Lee, Sang-Choon Lee, Jin-Kyung Kwon, Hea-Young Lee, Namjin Koo, Yunji Hong, Ryan W. Kim, Won-Hee Kang, Jin Hoe Huh, Byoung-Cheorl Kang, Tae-Jin Yang, Yong-Hwan Lee, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen and Doil Choi |
| Title |
New reference genome sequences of hot pepper reveal the massive evolution of plant disease-resistance genes by retroduplication |
| Journal |
GENOME BIOL, 2017 (0) ~ |
Abstract
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Background: Transposable elements are major evolutionary forces which can cause new genome structure and species diversification. The role of transposable elements in the expansion of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich-repeat proteins (NLRs), the major disease-resistance gene families, has been unexplored in plants.
Results: We report two high-quality de novo genomes (Capsicum baccatum and C. chinense) and an improved reference genome (C. annuum) for peppers. Dynamic genome rearrangements involving translocations among chromosomes 3, 5, and 9 were detected in comparison between C. baccatum and the two other peppers. The amplification of athila LTRretrotransposons, members of the gypsy superfamily, led to genome expansion in C. baccatum. In-depth genome-wide comparison of genes and repeats unveiled that the copy numbers of NLRs were greatly increased by LTR-retrotransposonmediated retroduplication. Moreover, retroduplicated NLRs are abundant across the angiosperms and, in most cases, are lineage-specific.
Conclusions: Our study reveals that retroduplication has played key roles for the massive emergence of NLR genes
including functional disease-resistance genes in pepper plants. |
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