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Nuclear effectors of plant pathogens: Distinct strategies to be one step ahead
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 Authours
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William Harris# | Seongbeom Kim# | Ronny Vӧlz#* | Yong- Hwan Lee* |
| Title |
Nuclear effectors of plant pathogens: Distinct strategies to be one step ahead |
| Journal |
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2023 (24) ~ |
Abstract
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Nuclear effector proteins released by bacteria, oomycete, nematode, and fungi bur-
den the global environment and crop yield. Microbial effectors are key weapons in
the evolutionary arms race between plants and pathogens, vital in determining the
success of pathogenic colonization. Secreted effectors undermine a multitude of host
cellular processes depending on their target destination. Effectors are classified by
their localization as either extracellular (apoplastic) or intracellular. Intracellular effec-
tors can be further subclassified by their compartment such as the nucleus, cytoplasm
or chloroplast. Nuclear effectors bring into question the role of the plant nucleus\'
intrinsic defence strategies and their vulnerability to effector- based manipulation.
Nuclear effectors interfere with multiple nuclear processes including the epigenetic
regulation of the host chromatin, the impairment of the trans- kingdom antifungal
RNAi machinery, and diverse classes of immunity- associated host proteins. These
effector- targeted pathways are widely conserved among different hosts and regulate
a broad array of plant cellular processes. Thus, these nuclear sites constitute meaning-
ful targets for effectors to subvert the plant defence system and acquire resources
for pathogenic propagation. This review provides an extensive and comparative com-
pilation of diverse plant microbe nuclear effector libraries, thereby highlighting the
distinct and conserved mechanisms these effectors employ to modulate plant cellular
processes for the pathogen\'s profit. |
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